A non‐native earthworm shifts seed predation dynamics of a native weed
نویسندگان
چکیده
Introduced seed dispersers can shift predation dynamics in native species, impacting plant establishment and spread. We studied the effect of non-native earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris, on loss large-seeded annual, Ambrosia trifida (giant ragweed), an expanding agricultural weed whose seeds are heavily predated by mice. terrestris may protect against rodent caching them its burrows from which seedlings emerge unharmed; however, little is known about ability earthworms to compete with rodents for seeds. investigated this interaction how environmental factors affected competitive outcome. In a 2-year field study, we analysed relative rates removal mice dispersed at various times habitats that varied vegetative cover. Species-specific responses conditions drove variation share taken versus mice, gaining relatively more under warmer, wetter low cover habitats, obtaining colder, drier high habitats. Environmental also determined competitor accessed first, conferred advantage was compounded over time. Earthworms cached some all experimental conditions, suggesting L. act mutualistically giant ragweed diverse environments. Synthesis applications. Our results support hypothesis earthworm behaves as dispersal mutualist annual burrows, thereby reducing their availability predators. The data view interactions among environment competing predators determine fate pools response species-specific preferences. crop fields where abundant, additional efforts prevent return be warranted due likelihood will increase soil pools. range throughout temperate regions similarly affect secondary species other communities.
منابع مشابه
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Applied Ecology
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['0021-8901', '1365-2664']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14034